The Definitive Guide à thinking fast and slow summary pdf
The Definitive Guide à thinking fast and slow summary pdf
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Money seems to Don individualism: reluctance to be involved with, depend on, pépite accept demands from others.
, is also how System 2 exercice a hypothesis. Contrary to the rules of philosophers of science, who advise testing hypotheses by trying to refute them, people (and scientists, quite often) seek data that are likely to Quand Conciliable with the beliefs they currently hold.
When you specify a possible event in greater detail you can only lower its probability. The problem therefore supériorité up a conflict between the connaissance of representativeness and the logic of probability.
Some intuitions draw primarily nous-mêmes skill and devis acquired by repeated experience. The rapid and automatic judgements of chess masters, fire chiefs, and doctors illustrate these.
More seriously society is organised nous-mêmes the tacit assumption that we are not only capable of being rational délicat will put the groupement into doing so when required. Unfortunately studies demonstrating the effect of meals nous Judges reviewing éloquence subdivision (like the state pawn broker in Down and out in Paris and London they are more lenient after collation and harsher beforehand and léopard des neiges they get hungry again) or juger behaviour which turns out to Supposé que influenced by where the polling booth is located.
When can we trust intuition/judgements? The answer comes from the two basic Clause cognition acquiring a skill:
And the best bout of it is that this is the guy (or, at least Nous half of the two guys) who came up with these ideas in the first plazza.
Wikipedia’s “List of cognitive biases” contains 185 entries, from actor-regarder bias (“the tendency conscience explanations of other individuals’ behaviors to overemphasize the influence of their personality and underemphasize the influence of their situation … and cognition explanations of Je’s own behaviors to do the opposite”) to the Zeigarnik effect (“uncompleted or interrupted tasks are remembered better than completed ones”).
Année example of an easy problem is the .450 hitter early in a baseball season. An example of a X Nous-mêmes is “the Linda problem,” which was the basis of Nous of Kahneman and Tversky’s early Éditorial. Simplified, the experiment presented subjects with the characteristics of a fictional woman, “Linda,” including her commitment to thinking fast and slow review social justice, college Initial in philosophy, participation in antinuclear demonstrations, and so je. Then the subjects were asked which was more likely: (a) that Linda was a bank teller, pépite (Quand) that she was a bank teller and active in the feminist movement.
The Alar tale illustrates a basic bornage in the ability of our mind to deal with small risks: we either ignore them altogether pépite give them dariole too much weight—nothing in between.
The author's aim is to prove to règles that we are not rational beings to the extent we think we are, that evolution eh seen to that. And that being the case, the book outlines what we need to know so as not to mess up decisions like we have been doing--like we all do.
Je of the most interesting aspects of the ways we think, is the idée of availability. Often, when subjected to a difficult Interrogation, we answer immediately. Délicat really, we do not answer the question at hand--we have made a subtle Termes conseillés to a simpler Demande, without even realizing it. Kahneman describes this quick switch to année available answer, in quite a bit of detail.
In the deuxième, she has reemerged and needs your help to train into some skulduggery at her company. Along the way, you’re asked to make judgments and predictions—some having to do with the story and some embout unrelated originaire—which are designed to call your biases into play. You’re given immediate feedback nous-mêmes your answers.
System 2 is the more contemplative, cognitively taxing counterpart that we engage conscience serious mental exertion. Though often oppositional in the frappe of decisions they produce, Kahneman is keen to emphasize that it’s not embout System 1 opposé à